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the last one was less than a decade ago

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before then

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and the next time

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it'll be 2117

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when few if any of us will be alive to

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see it

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among the most rare and predictable

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celestial events the sight of the planet

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venus slowly trekking across the face of

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the sun

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has been witnessed by humans only 53

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times since 2000 years bc

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what about the heavens have these

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phenomena taught us

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and what else might we discover about

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our place in the universe during these

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the venus transit 2012

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what you're seeing now is a live picture

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from norway one of the locations from

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that country we believe this is

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spitzbergen uh also known as falbard uh

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this is uh we're about almost two hours

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into

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the six hour and forty minute long

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2012

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venus transit and again this is from

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norway and hi welcome again al feinberg

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senior producer here at nasa tv with my

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colleague mr dwayne brown from the

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office of communications our lead

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science mission directorate public

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affairs officer and we've got some

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really cool stuff to show you okay

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and you know al

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we want to tell our listeners our

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viewers especially

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that uh this hour this section in this

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segment will have

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some incredible images from an

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incredible spacecraft in our first

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segment we had dr jim green who will

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join us again later in our show

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but

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now we're going to talk about the images

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with one of the premier

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scientists that

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study the field of heliophysics and

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you'll learn more about that but i think

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we need to go to our social media guy

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because he's been quite busy and jason

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townsend it's been some incredible stuff

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you've seen on there correct indeed hi

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guys how's everybody doing this is the

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venus transit 2012. so if you're just

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joining us we've managed to get out some

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awesome images from the solar dynamics

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observatory if you're following on

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twitter that's at nasa underscore sdo

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they've put up a variety of images that

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show the transit going on

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if you're also following along on the

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conversation make sure to be using the

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hashtag

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poundvenustransit that works on twitter

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that works on google plus follow us at

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nasa follow us on facebook look for nasa

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and also follow us on google plus out

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there if you're out there taking

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pictures though make sure you're doing

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it safely but once you've taken those

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pictures

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upload them to our flickr gallery that's

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available if you look on flickr search

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for the group venus transit so to take

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it away and explain some of these

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wonderful images here we're going to

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turn it over to our special guest this

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episode

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uh but first uh you you pulled up a

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couple of images from sdo solar dynamics

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observatory that just are fascinating

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can you uh get us into those and then

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we'll have our guests talk about them

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sure definitely definitely uh so what

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we're looking at here is a couple of

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images that were tweeted out a little

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bit ago and we posted them on facebook

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and google plus here it starts with the

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uh the venus ingressing here

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moving on we've got

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we've got a much better high definition

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shot from the solar dynamics observatory

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here of venus getting ready to enter

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into the sun for ingress the following

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shot we've got

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is a really awesome image look at look

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at that it's the sun it's just

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incredible we've got venus transiting

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right in front of it there it's underway

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this is uh from about an hour and a half

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ago

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a little bit more than that and then the

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last one is an incredible image here

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this one shows venus in the sun close up

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a little zoomed in there from the solar

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dynamics observatory and finally the

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full disc this is incredible and we're

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going to have lika here talk about this

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yes i think we need to this this special

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guest we have i think they can really

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she can really explain what we're seeing

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here so i'll i'll let you do the honors

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i'm very sorry we call her leaker g's to

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avoid things like that but lika is our

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lead scientist here at nasa for living

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with a star program and living with a

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star of course is the sun and lika tell

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us about some of these images and uh and

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then we could talk a little bit more

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about the transit itself

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well let me tell you just a few words

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about living with a star

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you know you're of course looking at the

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sun

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variable star

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but the fact that it's magnetically

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variable really produces this wind and

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storms and our planet is embedded in the

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outer atmosphere of this planet and so

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we feel uh the effect of living with the

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star and that's the genesis of the

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program living with the star but well

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i'll digress from that now and what

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you're looking at here is a

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helium 304 image now of course it's kind

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of complicated right it's a line that

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helium produces

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and uh it's 304 angstrom 10 to the power

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minus 8 centimeters and none of this

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please explain

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and and so

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what you're seeing is a full disc image

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of the sun and this is a very special

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observatory solar dynamics observatory

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it takes images that are about um 10

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times better than the high definition tv

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uh it's actually taking images at a

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temporal cadence of every 10 seconds

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this is something we have never had

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before and it's doing it at 10 different

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temperatures so the temperature scale if

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i would was to convert this image it

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would be about 50 000 degrees kelvin

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or maybe 90 000 degrees fahrenheit

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something like that in terms of

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fahrenheit and you're seeing uh venus in

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kind of

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really excuse the detail because of the

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spatial resolution now how about this

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next image we have here

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and so that that particular image is in

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in a wavelength band that's instead of

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304

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is 193 but let me convert it into a

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temperature scale and in terms of

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temperature scale this is of the order

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of

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1.5 to 2 million degrees kelvin this is

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the temperature of the corona and this

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is kind of a mystery if i may add i mean

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you might ask the question why do you

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look at the sun at all um you know if

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you look at the sun with unaided eyes

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you see this yellow ball

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that's about 5000 degrees kelvin

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temperature

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but if you actually look at the corona

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which is outside the sun it's like you

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are you know if you're near the stove

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and you're moving away from the stove

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you think that the temperature would go

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down well in this case what happens is

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that the temperature goes up so that

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temperature is in millions of degree

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kelvin and that's kind of a mystery you

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know like we're going to talk some more

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and ask you a question about some other

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some of the images but let me take a

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step back for our audience because

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astrophysicists you have planetary

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scientists

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but heliophysicists heliophysics explain

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to the audience what is heliophysics

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oh we have so much fun with heliophysics

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heliophysics wasn't even a ward up until

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maybe five ten years ago so remember

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scientists came up with this word right

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and so you can define it so we have

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given a meaning to this new discipline

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that we call heliophysics

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heliophysics is something like an

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environmental science with astrophysics

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really so you're studying the sun as an

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astrophysical entity but you're studying

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its impact not only on our planet but

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all other planetary environment so you

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are actually studying sort of the sun

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the heliosphere that the sun dominates

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with its magnetic field and all the

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interaction that takes place with this

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magnetic field and all planetary

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environment but of course to us what's

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most significant and important is that

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we understand the connection between sun

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and earth in great detail and that's the

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study of heliophysics now now these

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great pictures we're going to go to

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another one now can we go to this next

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one

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there

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besides giving us wonderful pictures of

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venus

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transiting the sun where

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sdl also obviously tells us a lot about

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the sun and as you said its effect on

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the solar system but also

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the impact of what happens on the sun

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on the earth and especially in the new

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uh uh

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i guess uh

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regime of uh solar weather if you will

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right

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something that's more and more in the

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new space weather yes yes explain them

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to us so but you know heliophysics we

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sometimes say is the science of space

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weather so space weather is again one of

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those new worlds uh we understand

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terrestrial weather it's meteorology you

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know it

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involves uh pressure temperature water

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vapor gravity etc

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what space weather is is really what

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happens on the sun

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and these are so sun produces particles

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and sun produces radiation and the comp

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and then sun produces storms so we get

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sometimes these dark regions on the sun

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and in probably you know some of your

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images when you bring up the full sun

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you'll see these dark blobs called

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sunspots they they are region of intense

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magnetic field and when you have intense

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magnetic field this magnetic field can

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actually rupture kind of like you know

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if you think of rubber band and you

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twist it and twist it and twist it you

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know the tension gives and it just

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breaks so magnetic field lines are kind

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of like that and so you know underneath

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this dark sunspot you have magnetic

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field that are just boiling and then

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they can rupture and produce coronal

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mass ejection solar flares etc so

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tremendous amount of energy and

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particles are then thrown out in the

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form of cloud that goes through the

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interplanetary medium 93 million miles

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it's a huge distance it takes light

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about eight minutes but these particles

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travel between about 400 to 1000

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kilometers per second so it takes them a

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few days

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when they arrive at earth they pushes on

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these particles push on the

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magnetosphere this is earth's own shield

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essentially that protects us from these

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particles and every once in a while the

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orientation of the

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particles the magnetic field of the

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00:12:00,470 --> 00:11:59,279
particles that come from the sun the

282
00:12:02,629 --> 00:12:00,480
solar wind

283
00:12:05,110 --> 00:12:02,639
matches up syncs up with earth's

284
00:12:08,389 --> 00:12:05,120
magnetic field then these particles can

285
00:12:11,829 --> 00:12:08,399
penetrate into earth's geospace the

286
00:12:14,710 --> 00:12:11,839
first sign is of a geomagnetic storm is

287
00:12:16,949 --> 00:12:14,720
that we have aurora beautiful aurora and

288
00:12:18,870 --> 00:12:16,959
then any number of other disruptive

289
00:12:20,550 --> 00:12:18,880
phenomena can happen we're going to go

290
00:12:22,310 --> 00:12:20,560
now to one of your colleagues down at

291
00:12:24,949 --> 00:12:22,320
the marshall space flight center mitzi

292
00:12:27,509 --> 00:12:24,959
adams who i know is a colleague and

293
00:12:28,870 --> 00:12:27,519
friend of yours missy uh how are things

294
00:12:33,269 --> 00:12:28,880
looking down there at marshall what's

295
00:12:37,670 --> 00:12:36,310
well earlier earlier in the day we had

296
00:12:40,470 --> 00:12:37,680
clouds

297
00:12:41,910 --> 00:12:40,480
and we were really worried that we

298
00:12:43,590 --> 00:12:41,920
weren't going to be able to see the

299
00:12:46,710 --> 00:12:43,600
beginning of the transit

300
00:12:48,949 --> 00:12:46,720
but things cleared out and it's it's

301
00:12:50,150 --> 00:12:48,959
looking much better now

302
00:12:52,790 --> 00:12:50,160
that's great

303
00:12:55,350 --> 00:12:52,800
now have you uh been scanning like we

304
00:12:56,710 --> 00:12:55,360
have all the different websites uh

305
00:12:58,949 --> 00:12:56,720
around the world

306
00:13:01,269 --> 00:12:58,959
to see what's uh what's cooking there if

307
00:13:04,230 --> 00:13:01,279
you will

308
00:13:05,990 --> 00:13:04,240
a little bit um i was i was involved in

309
00:13:07,509 --> 00:13:06,000
answering some questions on the live

310
00:13:10,069 --> 00:13:07,519
chat

311
00:13:11,590 --> 00:13:10,079
i had my number 14 welder's glass and i

312
00:13:13,190 --> 00:13:11,600
went outside and

313
00:13:14,949 --> 00:13:13,200
and looked at the beginning of the

314
00:13:19,269 --> 00:13:14,959
transit

315
00:13:21,430 --> 00:13:19,279
i also looked at a feed from hawaii and

316
00:13:23,430 --> 00:13:21,440
um and from our own telescopes here in

317
00:13:25,990 --> 00:13:23,440
huntsville

318
00:13:29,110 --> 00:13:26,000
we're going to go now mitzi and lika and

319
00:13:31,430 --> 00:13:29,120
dwayne uh to another website that we've

320
00:13:33,910 --> 00:13:31,440
been talking about or teased before but

321
00:13:36,389 --> 00:13:33,920
haven't actually gone to is in the uk in

322
00:13:37,750 --> 00:13:36,399
lancashire mutual

323
00:13:43,189 --> 00:13:37,760
which is

324
00:13:44,949 --> 00:13:43,199
the home of jeremiah horox who in 1639

325
00:13:48,230 --> 00:13:44,959
was the first

326
00:13:50,230 --> 00:13:48,240
person to actually observe the transit

327
00:13:52,069 --> 00:13:50,240
and document it and

328
00:13:53,590 --> 00:13:52,079
this is saint michael's church can we go

329
00:13:56,069 --> 00:13:53,600
back to that for a second

330
00:13:58,710 --> 00:13:56,079
st michael's church where

331
00:14:01,829 --> 00:13:58,720
jeremiah horox was

332
00:14:03,829 --> 00:14:01,839
a curate and they have the stained glass

333
00:14:05,910 --> 00:14:03,839
window there as a matter of fact in in

334
00:14:08,949 --> 00:14:05,920
in his honor but they're having their

335
00:14:10,870 --> 00:14:08,959
own presentation there too but uh uh

336
00:14:12,310 --> 00:14:10,880
mitzi can you tell us a little bit more

337
00:14:15,430 --> 00:14:12,320
about um

338
00:14:17,990 --> 00:14:15,440
what uh impressions you've had so far

339
00:14:21,990 --> 00:14:18,000
and what you've been looking for in this

340
00:14:27,269 --> 00:14:24,310
i think most of my impressions of this

341
00:14:30,310 --> 00:14:27,279
transit have had to do with education

342
00:14:33,829 --> 00:14:30,320
and exciting the public about viewing

343
00:14:36,230 --> 00:14:33,839
the sky in general

344
00:14:39,590 --> 00:14:36,240
and and it's also interesting that uh at

345
00:14:41,030 --> 00:14:39,600
the time horox made his observation

346
00:14:42,710 --> 00:14:41,040
there were there was only one or two

347
00:14:45,110 --> 00:14:42,720
people who saw it

348
00:14:47,990 --> 00:14:45,120
he may have been the only one

349
00:14:50,230 --> 00:14:48,000
and the next time there was a transit

350
00:14:52,470 --> 00:14:50,240
you had a few more people observing it

351
00:14:53,990 --> 00:14:52,480
and the next time you had hundreds of

352
00:14:57,670 --> 00:14:54,000
people observing it

353
00:15:00,150 --> 00:14:57,680
and then our transit in 2004

354
00:15:02,150 --> 00:15:00,160
we had millions of people observing it

355
00:15:03,670 --> 00:15:02,160
and today

356
00:15:04,629 --> 00:15:03,680
we have even more

357
00:15:07,110 --> 00:15:04,639
so

358
00:15:09,269 --> 00:15:07,120
just in a few hundred years we've had

359
00:15:13,590 --> 00:15:09,279
this change in the way that we've been

360
00:15:16,949 --> 00:15:15,670
well let's see let's uh leek i have a

361
00:15:18,230 --> 00:15:16,959
question for you

362
00:15:20,230 --> 00:15:18,240
you explain

363
00:15:21,990 --> 00:15:20,240
the area

364
00:15:23,030 --> 00:15:22,000
heliophysics

365
00:15:24,629 --> 00:15:23,040
now

366
00:15:26,230 --> 00:15:24,639
your fellow

367
00:15:28,870 --> 00:15:26,240
colleagues out there and scientists that

368
00:15:30,710 --> 00:15:28,880
are looking at what what can we expect

369
00:15:31,990 --> 00:15:30,720
that you guys will take away from this i

370
00:15:34,870 --> 00:15:32,000
mean it won't happen again for another

371
00:15:37,509 --> 00:15:34,880
105 years but what what type of data why

372
00:15:39,509 --> 00:15:37,519
should people and we we asked dr jim

373
00:15:41,350 --> 00:15:39,519
green this book what is the why we

374
00:15:43,189 --> 00:15:41,360
should care factor not just for the the

375
00:15:45,030 --> 00:15:43,199
general public who know when your little

376
00:15:47,110 --> 00:15:45,040
kids know what the sun is but for the

377
00:15:49,670 --> 00:15:47,120
scientific so why we should care from a

378
00:15:51,910 --> 00:15:49,680
public view and certainly why the

379
00:15:53,829 --> 00:15:51,920
scientific significance of this oh i

380
00:15:55,030 --> 00:15:53,839
mean mitzy talked about the public view

381
00:15:58,470 --> 00:15:55,040
you know i mean

382
00:16:02,790 --> 00:15:58,480
how we people are curious beings and

383
00:16:06,470 --> 00:16:02,800
forever we have you know looked at the

384
00:16:09,430 --> 00:16:06,480
sky and astronomy has had impact in

385
00:16:11,990 --> 00:16:09,440
every culture but the reason

386
00:16:15,590 --> 00:16:12,000
we study this from the scientific point

387
00:16:18,870 --> 00:16:15,600
of view is really to understand

388
00:16:23,430 --> 00:16:18,880
the sun as a star the venus as a planet

389
00:16:25,749 --> 00:16:23,440
the connection between venus and the sun

390
00:16:28,949 --> 00:16:25,759
and so what we hope to do you know with

391
00:16:31,269 --> 00:16:28,959
sdo i mean it's a great opportunity

392
00:16:34,150 --> 00:16:31,279
solar dynamics observatory was really

393
00:16:37,430 --> 00:16:34,160
meant to study the sun but now that this

394
00:16:39,749 --> 00:16:37,440
opportunity has presented itself what we

395
00:16:42,230 --> 00:16:39,759
are going to have are actually

396
00:16:43,990 --> 00:16:42,240
observations in these various um

397
00:16:45,990 --> 00:16:44,000
temperature bands that you are looking

398
00:16:47,430 --> 00:16:46,000
at what's going to happen is we're going

399
00:16:50,470 --> 00:16:47,440
to get data

400
00:16:53,189 --> 00:16:50,480
that's going to venus has an atmosphere

401
00:16:57,269 --> 00:16:53,199
as as we know i mean even though it is

402
00:17:00,470 --> 00:16:57,279
the planet uh of you know uh goddess of

403
00:17:01,189 --> 00:17:00,480
love it's a hellish planet too we know

404
00:17:03,189 --> 00:17:01,199
that

405
00:17:05,750 --> 00:17:03,199
you know we couldn't survive there so

406
00:17:09,110 --> 00:17:05,760
it's got a thick atmosphere

407
00:17:11,350 --> 00:17:09,120
and these wavelength observations are

408
00:17:14,230 --> 00:17:11,360
going to give us a clue

409
00:17:17,669 --> 00:17:14,240
about the content of oxygen so venus

410
00:17:20,230 --> 00:17:17,679
atmosphere is largely carbon dioxide and

411
00:17:22,870 --> 00:17:20,240
nitrogen very little nitrogen pretty

412
00:17:26,309 --> 00:17:22,880
much all carbon dioxide which gets

413
00:17:29,830 --> 00:17:26,319
dissociated into carbon monoxide co and

414
00:17:32,230 --> 00:17:29,840
oxygen and so when you have these um

415
00:17:34,549 --> 00:17:32,240
soft x-rays go through this we we are

416
00:17:36,390 --> 00:17:34,559
going to be able to detangle

417
00:17:38,549 --> 00:17:36,400
actually the composition

418
00:17:40,549 --> 00:17:38,559
and how much oxygen is there fantastic

419
00:17:42,150 --> 00:17:40,559
isn't that that's that's very cool i

420
00:17:45,270 --> 00:17:42,160
think we're going to swing back let's go

421
00:17:47,430 --> 00:17:45,280
back to mitzi down at marshall mitzi uh

422
00:17:51,029 --> 00:17:47,440
what are you um

423
00:17:53,350 --> 00:17:51,039
hoping to learn yourself and as you look

424
00:17:55,669 --> 00:17:53,360
at these images from sdo they're they're

425
00:17:58,549 --> 00:17:55,679
they're pretty striking at least to the

426
00:18:01,029 --> 00:17:58,559
untrained observer like myself

427
00:18:03,350 --> 00:18:01,039
it's they're just they're cool the wow

428
00:18:08,150 --> 00:18:03,360
factor is there how about for you what

429
00:18:12,789 --> 00:18:10,150
i i agree with you the wow factor is

430
00:18:15,350 --> 00:18:12,799
definitely there

431
00:18:16,470 --> 00:18:15,360
i i'm actually doing research with sdo

432
00:18:17,990 --> 00:18:16,480
data

433
00:18:20,630 --> 00:18:18,000
and

434
00:18:21,909 --> 00:18:20,640
every day when i look at the images i'm

435
00:18:24,310 --> 00:18:21,919
just

436
00:18:26,549 --> 00:18:24,320
truly amazed at what we've been able to

437
00:18:30,390 --> 00:18:26,559
do here

438
00:18:32,789 --> 00:18:30,400
in terms of the transit itself

439
00:18:35,110 --> 00:18:32,799
i personally won't be doing any research

440
00:18:36,630 --> 00:18:35,120
with with these data

441
00:18:39,830 --> 00:18:36,640
but um

442
00:18:42,710 --> 00:18:39,840
i i think that scientists will be able

443
00:18:45,029 --> 00:18:42,720
to use the data to fine-tune some of the

444
00:18:47,750 --> 00:18:45,039
techniques for looking for planets

445
00:18:50,390 --> 00:18:47,760
outside our solar system

446
00:18:51,669 --> 00:18:50,400
kepler and hubble are both

447
00:18:53,590 --> 00:18:51,679
going to be doing

448
00:18:56,710 --> 00:18:53,600
that sort of study

449
00:18:58,470 --> 00:18:56,720
and the henna day mission

450
00:19:01,909 --> 00:18:58,480
will also be

451
00:19:03,909 --> 00:19:01,919
using the transit of venus to

452
00:19:05,510 --> 00:19:03,919
fine-tune some of the instruments on

453
00:19:08,150 --> 00:19:05,520
board

454
00:19:09,270 --> 00:19:08,160
that spacecraft so

455
00:19:11,270 --> 00:19:09,280
i think there are a lot of good

456
00:19:13,029 --> 00:19:11,280
scientific reasons for

457
00:19:14,710 --> 00:19:13,039
using this opportunity that has

458
00:19:15,510 --> 00:19:14,720
presented itself

459
00:19:16,549 --> 00:19:15,520
to

460
00:19:19,190 --> 00:19:16,559
make

461
00:19:21,190 --> 00:19:19,200
great strides in our science mitzi this

462
00:19:23,350 --> 00:19:21,200
is dwayne well we're going to go we've

463
00:19:24,789 --> 00:19:23,360
been going around the world and al is

464
00:19:25,909 --> 00:19:24,799
going to take us to another country and

465
00:19:27,750 --> 00:19:25,919
i know lincoln is going to be very

466
00:19:29,750 --> 00:19:27,760
familiar with but just a quick question

467
00:19:31,990 --> 00:19:29,760
we've been seeing a lot of excitement in

468
00:19:34,070 --> 00:19:32,000
events all around the nation

469
00:19:36,070 --> 00:19:34,080
and what's happening down in the

470
00:19:40,150 --> 00:19:36,080
huntsville alabama area just sort of

471
00:19:41,750 --> 00:19:40,160
give us uh description of the excitement

472
00:19:45,190 --> 00:19:41,760
there and what's going on in the city

473
00:19:47,510 --> 00:19:45,200
can can you do that for us

474
00:19:49,669 --> 00:19:47,520
i certainly can the

475
00:19:52,549 --> 00:19:49,679
space and rocket center here

476
00:19:55,350 --> 00:19:52,559
is having a viewing opportunity with

477
00:19:57,270 --> 00:19:55,360
telescopes supplied by the von braun

478
00:20:00,150 --> 00:19:57,280
astronomical society

479
00:20:01,430 --> 00:20:00,160
and there are other viewing events going

480
00:20:04,230 --> 00:20:01,440
on in the area

481
00:20:07,270 --> 00:20:04,240
in decatur which is a city to the west

482
00:20:08,710 --> 00:20:07,280
of huntsville there are is an observing

483
00:20:10,149 --> 00:20:08,720
opportunity at one of the local

484
00:20:12,149 --> 00:20:10,159
elementary schools

485
00:20:13,510 --> 00:20:12,159
and actually here on base at marshall

486
00:20:18,950 --> 00:20:13,520
some of our

487
00:20:20,950 --> 00:20:18,960
out looking at the event and speaking of

488
00:20:22,070 --> 00:20:20,960
telescopes out we're gonna go to a shot

489
00:20:26,470 --> 00:20:22,080
right now

490
00:20:29,270 --> 00:20:26,480
from hanle ladakh in india it's the

491
00:20:31,990 --> 00:20:29,280
indian astronomical observatory it's the

492
00:20:35,270 --> 00:20:32,000
world's highest station

493
00:20:38,470 --> 00:20:35,280
webcasting the transit of venus at 14

494
00:20:40,549 --> 00:20:38,480
800 feet and uh

495
00:20:42,950 --> 00:20:40,559
lika you're familiar with this place

496
00:20:45,110 --> 00:20:42,960
well i know it exists i haven't had the

497
00:20:47,669 --> 00:20:45,120
good fortune to visit the place that's

498
00:20:51,990 --> 00:20:47,679
where i'd like to be if i could not

499
00:20:55,909 --> 00:20:52,710
and

500
00:20:58,149 --> 00:20:55,919
uh tell us about some of the um

501
00:21:00,789 --> 00:20:58,159
are you familiar with the uh

502
00:21:03,110 --> 00:21:00,799
capabilities that they have there

503
00:21:07,270 --> 00:21:03,120
not in great details but i know it's a

504
00:21:10,310 --> 00:21:07,280
very advanced telescope and um

505
00:21:13,029 --> 00:21:10,320
very high up so the clarity the

506
00:21:14,950 --> 00:21:13,039
of the sky is exquisite

507
00:21:18,710 --> 00:21:14,960
and i know that they have data

508
00:21:21,190 --> 00:21:18,720
connections um directly to bangalore

509
00:21:23,510 --> 00:21:21,200
so you know scientists in bangalore can

510
00:21:26,470 --> 00:21:23,520
actually use the data you don't have to

511
00:21:28,149 --> 00:21:26,480
be stationed there at the observatory i

512
00:21:29,029 --> 00:21:28,159
guess this is early morning so they're

513
00:21:31,350 --> 00:21:29,039
just

514
00:21:32,710 --> 00:21:31,360
waking up to this this is probably

515
00:21:35,750 --> 00:21:32,720
pretty cool for them

516
00:21:37,750 --> 00:21:35,760
which brings to mind a question

517
00:21:41,909 --> 00:21:37,760
scientists from all over the world are

518
00:21:44,470 --> 00:21:41,919
studying this is there some sort of

519
00:21:47,510 --> 00:21:44,480
one-stop shop for scientists where all

520
00:21:50,470 --> 00:21:47,520
the data gets collected and shared

521
00:21:52,149 --> 00:21:50,480
for something like the venus transit

522
00:21:55,270 --> 00:21:52,159
where scientists

523
00:21:56,710 --> 00:21:55,280
from different nations can can go and

524
00:21:58,789 --> 00:21:56,720
and

525
00:21:59,909 --> 00:21:58,799
find out what

526
00:22:03,110 --> 00:21:59,919
another

527
00:22:05,590 --> 00:22:03,120
has has discovered notes

528
00:22:08,070 --> 00:22:05,600
right scientists will of course do this

529
00:22:10,390 --> 00:22:08,080
you know scientists love to organize

530
00:22:14,070 --> 00:22:10,400
meetings and i am

531
00:22:16,630 --> 00:22:14,080
sure there'll be few 2012 you know

532
00:22:19,830 --> 00:22:16,640
transit of venus conferences that's

533
00:22:21,590 --> 00:22:19,840
where you know such data gets validated

534
00:22:24,230 --> 00:22:21,600
peer-reviewed when you present there'll

535
00:22:26,630 --> 00:22:24,240
be some new findings uh you know every

536
00:22:29,110 --> 00:22:26,640
other transit that we have seen so far

537
00:22:32,310 --> 00:22:29,120
there's always been something new the

538
00:22:33,350 --> 00:22:32,320
last 2004 when we were looking that with

539
00:22:36,789 --> 00:22:33,360
our

540
00:22:39,110 --> 00:22:36,799
new trace um observatory we found this

541
00:22:41,669 --> 00:22:39,120
arc and we didn't know what it was

542
00:22:44,390 --> 00:22:41,679
scientists studied it and figured out

543
00:22:46,710 --> 00:22:44,400
what the arc was all about before that

544
00:22:47,909 --> 00:22:46,720
it was this you know dark

545
00:22:50,310 --> 00:22:47,919
sort of

546
00:22:53,830 --> 00:22:50,320
raindrop shape structure you know which

547
00:22:56,390 --> 00:22:53,840
is a telescope effect so i'm sure this

548
00:22:58,149 --> 00:22:56,400
time around also there'll be new

549
00:23:01,029 --> 00:22:58,159
findings you know i don't even doubt

550
00:23:05,110 --> 00:23:01,039
that mitzi for you down in huntsville do

551
00:23:07,270 --> 00:23:05,120
you have any ideas or any uh suspicions

552
00:23:11,270 --> 00:23:07,280
if you will about what we might learn

553
00:23:17,029 --> 00:23:14,549
any suspicions um perhaps that's not the

554
00:23:18,870 --> 00:23:17,039
best it's always hard to predict

555
00:23:20,310 --> 00:23:18,880
because

556
00:23:23,430 --> 00:23:20,320
there

557
00:23:26,310 --> 00:23:23,440
things happen serendipitously

558
00:23:28,149 --> 00:23:26,320
so i really i really can't say

559
00:23:29,990 --> 00:23:28,159
one of one of the things that we

560
00:23:32,789 --> 00:23:30,000
we hear here at nasa a lot of times

561
00:23:35,830 --> 00:23:32,799
about exploration is that we don't know

562
00:23:39,430 --> 00:23:35,840
what we don't know till we know it and

563
00:23:42,470 --> 00:23:39,440
we'll find out things uh in science as

564
00:23:45,029 --> 00:23:42,480
we do uh uh in any form of uh

565
00:23:47,430 --> 00:23:45,039
exploration uh of space

566
00:23:48,870 --> 00:23:47,440
uh that uh you know we

567
00:23:50,710 --> 00:23:48,880
will learn something we're just not sure

568
00:23:53,990 --> 00:23:50,720
what it'll be at true i mean there are

569
00:23:56,710 --> 00:23:54,000
things uh you know like known unknowns

570
00:23:59,190 --> 00:23:56,720
so in case of sdo we know we want to

571
00:24:01,430 --> 00:23:59,200
know something about our instrument okay

572
00:24:04,630 --> 00:24:01,440
so we are going after that

573
00:24:07,190 --> 00:24:04,640
because venus provides that very dark

574
00:24:09,590 --> 00:24:07,200
space we are going to get a point spread

575
00:24:11,990 --> 00:24:09,600
function you know leakage of light from

576
00:24:14,950 --> 00:24:12,000
one pixel to the next and that's very

577
00:24:19,110 --> 00:24:14,960
important to you know get a good reading

578
00:24:21,909 --> 00:24:19,120
of our data the position of the

579
00:24:25,190 --> 00:24:21,919
transit is actually going to give us a

580
00:24:26,390 --> 00:24:25,200
very good sense of the orientation north

581
00:24:27,269 --> 00:24:26,400
south

582
00:24:29,190 --> 00:24:27,279
of

583
00:24:31,510 --> 00:24:29,200
the actual solar images because when you

584
00:24:33,350 --> 00:24:31,520
launch an instrument in space what

585
00:24:35,830 --> 00:24:33,360
happens is sometimes you know due to

586
00:24:38,390 --> 00:24:35,840
vibration and all that things shift and

587
00:24:40,630 --> 00:24:38,400
so you can't be absolutely sure about

588
00:24:43,350 --> 00:24:40,640
the accuracy of your pointing so these

589
00:24:45,590 --> 00:24:43,360
are opportunities those are the known

590
00:24:47,269 --> 00:24:45,600
unknowns that we are going to fix and

591
00:24:49,669 --> 00:24:47,279
then there are the unknown unknowns you

592
00:24:52,149 --> 00:24:49,679
know which are the new findings i'm

593
00:24:53,430 --> 00:24:52,159
which i as i said do not even doubt will

594
00:24:55,990 --> 00:24:53,440
be coming out but we don't know what

595
00:24:58,950 --> 00:24:56,000
they are as mitzi said well we're gonna

596
00:25:01,269 --> 00:24:58,960
before we go to our social media guru um

597
00:25:03,510 --> 00:25:01,279
we have a lot of young folks watching

598
00:25:04,789 --> 00:25:03,520
this uh broadcast so uh we're gonna go

599
00:25:06,789 --> 00:25:04,799
to social media and then we're gonna

600
00:25:09,750 --> 00:25:06,799
come back but i want you to sort of

601
00:25:11,350 --> 00:25:09,760
you've explained heliophysic um and and

602
00:25:13,750 --> 00:25:11,360
the scientist

603
00:25:16,390 --> 00:25:13,760
your role model i've seen you inspire

604
00:25:19,269 --> 00:25:16,400
you know young women young folks so

605
00:25:20,870 --> 00:25:19,279
maybe uh take a few moments to just tell

606
00:25:22,710 --> 00:25:20,880
the folks if they're interested in

607
00:25:23,750 --> 00:25:22,720
studying the sun and going to feel some

608
00:25:25,510 --> 00:25:23,760
some

609
00:25:27,750 --> 00:25:25,520
guidance and recommendations so think

610
00:25:30,710 --> 00:25:27,760
about that but we're gonna we're gonna

611
00:25:33,110 --> 00:25:30,720
visit uh jason townsend there's a lot of

612
00:25:34,789 --> 00:25:33,120
activity on the social media site jason

613
00:25:36,950 --> 00:25:34,799
uh give us an update what's going on

614
00:25:38,710 --> 00:25:36,960
over there sure so we're we're trending

615
00:25:40,230 --> 00:25:38,720
out there uh if you're following along

616
00:25:41,590 --> 00:25:40,240
and joining us in the conversation make

617
00:25:43,750 --> 00:25:41,600
sure to be using

618
00:25:45,590 --> 00:25:43,760
pound venus transit you can use that on

619
00:25:47,190 --> 00:25:45,600
google plus you can use that on twitter

620
00:25:49,830 --> 00:25:47,200
we're also on facebook you can look for

621
00:25:51,190 --> 00:25:49,840
nasa and follow along

622
00:25:53,029 --> 00:25:51,200
we've been putting up some good images

623
00:25:54,070 --> 00:25:53,039
that are out there we are making sure

624
00:25:55,830 --> 00:25:54,080
that we're getting the latest and

625
00:25:57,510 --> 00:25:55,840
greatest from things like the solar

626
00:25:59,029 --> 00:25:57,520
dynamics observatory so if you're

627
00:26:00,950 --> 00:25:59,039
following along make sure to follow at

628
00:26:02,789 --> 00:26:00,960
nasa on twitter and if you're taking

629
00:26:05,830 --> 00:26:02,799
photos of yourself of your

630
00:26:07,190 --> 00:26:05,840
your own viewing out there uh all over

631
00:26:09,669 --> 00:26:07,200
the globe make sure to upload your

632
00:26:11,110 --> 00:26:09,679
photos to flickr if you go onto flickr

633
00:26:12,630 --> 00:26:11,120
make sure to search for the group venus

634
00:26:14,789 --> 00:26:12,640
transit and add them to the community

635
00:26:16,549 --> 00:26:14,799
pool that's out there so thanks a lot

636
00:26:17,909 --> 00:26:16,559
for following along on social media and

637
00:26:19,590 --> 00:26:17,919
keep watching we've got several more

638
00:26:23,510 --> 00:26:19,600
hours of this so

639
00:26:25,430 --> 00:26:23,520
thanks thanks jason okay so lika

640
00:26:26,950 --> 00:26:25,440
go ahead and inspire the folks that you

641
00:26:28,310 --> 00:26:26,960
do every day these young folks who are

642
00:26:30,470 --> 00:26:28,320
watching this

643
00:26:32,710 --> 00:26:30,480
i don't need to inspire them venus

644
00:26:34,870 --> 00:26:32,720
transit is inspiring people all over the

645
00:26:38,630 --> 00:26:34,880
world anyway that's correct you know we

646
00:26:41,350 --> 00:26:38,640
are fascinated by anything heavenly i

647
00:26:43,909 --> 00:26:41,360
mean yes we get a little tired of the

648
00:26:45,430 --> 00:26:43,919
sun because we see this yellow ball day

649
00:26:47,669 --> 00:26:45,440
in day out

650
00:26:50,070 --> 00:26:47,679
we get a little tired even of the moon

651
00:26:52,390 --> 00:26:50,080
you know beautiful moon but then you

652
00:26:55,029 --> 00:26:52,400
have a planet you know go in front i

653
00:26:57,909 --> 00:26:55,039
mean how often does that happen it is

654
00:27:00,230 --> 00:26:57,919
just mind-boggling that we can predict

655
00:27:02,470 --> 00:27:00,240
it you know these are the things so 200

656
00:27:04,390 --> 00:27:02,480
years ago we could predicted it and

657
00:27:07,830 --> 00:27:04,400
today we are doing it with greater

658
00:27:10,549 --> 00:27:07,840
accuracy today we have spaceborne

659
00:27:14,470 --> 00:27:10,559
observatories that are tracking it and

660
00:27:15,830 --> 00:27:14,480
we are learning more detail about venus

661
00:27:17,830 --> 00:27:15,840
i mean

662
00:27:21,669 --> 00:27:17,840
i don't think i have to inspire them the

663
00:27:22,870 --> 00:27:21,679
story inspires people by itself it's

664
00:27:25,269 --> 00:27:22,880
just

665
00:27:26,710 --> 00:27:25,279
awesome yes and it's but uh let me ask

666
00:27:29,750 --> 00:27:26,720
this thing let me ask this way

667
00:27:31,269 --> 00:27:29,760
heliophysics if you want to go into that

668
00:27:32,310 --> 00:27:31,279
recommendations for the young folks out

669
00:27:34,870 --> 00:27:32,320
there they're saying wow i didn't know

670
00:27:37,750 --> 00:27:34,880
that this this type of field uh

671
00:27:40,549 --> 00:27:37,760
heliophysics is here to stay kids

672
00:27:42,950 --> 00:27:40,559
heliophysics is the science of space

673
00:27:46,549 --> 00:27:42,960
weather and if there is one thing that's

674
00:27:50,070 --> 00:27:46,559
not going to go away is sun's effect on

675
00:27:52,950 --> 00:27:50,080
our technology our technology

676
00:27:55,590 --> 00:27:52,960
any machinery is vulnerable to the

677
00:27:59,029 --> 00:27:55,600
electromagnetic radiation from the sun

678
00:28:01,510 --> 00:27:59,039
and that can cause so many effects that

679
00:28:05,669 --> 00:28:01,520
i don't even want to go into from little

680
00:28:08,630 --> 00:28:05,679
ones to really huge disruption of power

681
00:28:12,149 --> 00:28:08,640
grid to satellite failures so it's a

682
00:28:14,310 --> 00:28:12,159
vast unknown field waiting to be

683
00:28:16,310 --> 00:28:14,320
explored what's what's really

684
00:28:18,870 --> 00:28:16,320
interesting about heliophysics is you

685
00:28:22,230 --> 00:28:18,880
know if we talk about astrophysics it's

686
00:28:25,430 --> 00:28:22,240
really gravity dominated if you talk

687
00:28:28,190 --> 00:28:25,440
about meteorology it's gravity and

688
00:28:31,669 --> 00:28:28,200
pressure and temperature dominated

689
00:28:34,149 --> 00:28:31,679
heliophysics is the science that is

690
00:28:36,870 --> 00:28:34,159
magnetically dominated and magnetism is

691
00:28:38,950 --> 00:28:36,880
something we don't understand very well

692
00:28:42,310 --> 00:28:38,960
magnetic reconnection a fundamental

693
00:28:45,350 --> 00:28:42,320
universal process that ignites all kinds

694
00:28:48,149 --> 00:28:45,360
of energy that you know has

695
00:28:51,510 --> 00:28:48,159
manifestation in so many ways so i find

696
00:28:52,870 --> 00:28:51,520
that to be a very exciting field

697
00:28:55,510 --> 00:28:52,880
lika we're going to go down to mitzi

698
00:28:57,430 --> 00:28:55,520
again for one last question mitzi uh

699
00:28:59,190 --> 00:28:57,440
this the next

700
00:29:03,750 --> 00:28:59,200
venus transit is not going to happen for

701
00:29:06,310 --> 00:29:03,760
another 105 years we've looked we know

702
00:29:09,110 --> 00:29:06,320
looking back how people have waxed

703
00:29:11,110 --> 00:29:09,120
poetic in the past historically and they

704
00:29:12,950 --> 00:29:11,120
look ahead and they conjecture about

705
00:29:14,789 --> 00:29:12,960
what it would be like when the next one

706
00:29:18,630 --> 00:29:14,799
comes do you have any thoughts about

707
00:29:24,830 --> 00:29:18,640
what what the folks in 105 years here on

708
00:29:28,149 --> 00:29:26,389
home

709
00:29:30,870 --> 00:29:28,159
in 2117

710
00:29:33,190 --> 00:29:30,880
what to what to expect

711
00:29:37,830 --> 00:29:34,710
i don't know if if i

712
00:29:41,830 --> 00:29:37,840
you know if we think back to um

713
00:29:44,710 --> 00:29:41,840
to the last venus transit and

714
00:29:46,950 --> 00:29:44,720
the number the numbers of people who

715
00:29:48,230 --> 00:29:46,960
were able to observe it and the way they

716
00:29:51,029 --> 00:29:48,240
observed it

717
00:29:54,310 --> 00:29:51,039
it's very different from the way that we

718
00:29:59,510 --> 00:29:54,320
observe it today

719
00:30:02,789 --> 00:29:59,520
and so uh possibly in 20 21 17

720
00:30:04,310 --> 00:30:02,799
folks will be able to observe it from

721
00:30:07,110 --> 00:30:04,320
space

722
00:30:09,830 --> 00:30:07,120
so it it could actually be possible to

723
00:30:11,990 --> 00:30:09,840
make your own venus transit

724
00:30:13,750 --> 00:30:12,000
by positioning

725
00:30:15,350 --> 00:30:13,760
your spacecraft

726
00:30:17,830 --> 00:30:15,360
in such a way

727
00:30:19,669 --> 00:30:17,840
that you could see venus transiting

728
00:30:21,750 --> 00:30:19,679
across the sun

729
00:30:25,269 --> 00:30:21,760
almost at will

730
00:30:28,149 --> 00:30:25,279
that that might be another a a way that

731
00:30:29,990 --> 00:30:28,159
it would be very different

732
00:30:32,389 --> 00:30:30,000
and scientists could study

733
00:30:35,430 --> 00:30:32,399
transits in that way as well

734
00:30:38,230 --> 00:30:35,440
i'm glad you bring that up mitzi in fact

735
00:30:40,710 --> 00:30:38,240
you know when we launched uh stereo we

736
00:30:43,590 --> 00:30:40,720
actually worked on the stereo spacecraft

737
00:30:47,510 --> 00:30:43,600
so that we would have the opportunity to

738
00:30:50,230 --> 00:30:47,520
see transit of moon as seen from the

739
00:30:52,470 --> 00:30:50,240
stereo spacecraft and that looks like an

740
00:30:55,350 --> 00:30:52,480
alien object you know because the moon

741
00:30:57,909 --> 00:30:55,360
is about four times the size of the real

742
00:31:00,470 --> 00:30:57,919
moon so you're seeing this dark ball it

743
00:31:03,269 --> 00:31:00,480
seems like a different solar system but

744
00:31:05,590 --> 00:31:03,279
i i want to comment about you know if if

745
00:31:09,350 --> 00:31:05,600
i could actually dream

746
00:31:10,870 --> 00:31:09,360
105 years 117 years from now

747
00:31:13,750 --> 00:31:10,880
i wouldn't think about

748
00:31:16,830 --> 00:31:13,760
transit of venus what do you think about

749
00:31:19,350 --> 00:31:16,840
transit of earth as seen from

750
00:31:20,950 --> 00:31:19,360
mars ooh like that

751
00:31:22,789 --> 00:31:20,960
nice nice

752
00:31:24,950 --> 00:31:22,799
nicely

753
00:31:26,549 --> 00:31:24,960
thank you so much for being here with us

754
00:31:29,909 --> 00:31:26,559
uh dwayne we're going to be back at 10

755
00:31:32,630 --> 00:31:29,919
o'clock and with the one and only jimmy

756
00:31:34,950 --> 00:31:32,640
will be back then and uh joining us and

757
00:31:37,350 --> 00:31:34,960
uh the head of our planetary division

758
00:31:41,269 --> 00:31:37,360
here at nasa but in the meantime we're

759
00:31:43,190 --> 00:31:41,279
gonna leave you with a shot of uh the uh

760
00:31:44,149 --> 00:31:43,200
uh we're gonna oh thanks to mitzi down

761
00:31:46,149 --> 00:31:44,159
in uh

762
00:31:47,669 --> 00:31:46,159
marshall space thank you mr adam thanks

763
00:31:49,830 --> 00:31:47,679
so much thanks so much we really

764
00:31:51,590 --> 00:31:49,840
appreciate you joining us and enjoy the

765
00:31:54,789 --> 00:31:51,600
rest of the evening down there and now

766
00:31:58,070 --> 00:31:54,799
we're going to go to a live picture from

767
00:32:00,630 --> 00:31:58,080
iao the indian astronomical observatory

768
00:32:03,110 --> 00:32:00,640
in ladakh india and we'll take it we'll

769
00:32:04,710 --> 00:32:03,120
uh then we'll go back to nasa edge and

770
00:32:06,070 --> 00:32:04,720
they'll get us through until 10 o'clock

771
00:32:07,830 --> 00:32:06,080
and we'll see you then

772
00:32:12,230 --> 00:32:07,840
india and thank you again

773
00:32:17,110 --> 00:32:14,870
the faithful moment was now approaching

774
00:32:19,269 --> 00:32:17,120
enthusiasm in some cases rising to